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1991-11-20
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Introduction to Gofer 4. USING GOFER - A BASIC INTRODUCTION
4. USING GOFER - A BASIC INTRODUCTION
Using Gofer is rather like using a high-level programmable calculator;
Once the interpreter is loaded, the system prints a prompt "?" and
waits for you to enter an expression, and then press the enter (return)
key. Once the input is complete, Gofer evaluates the expression and
prints its value on the terminal, before returning to the original
prompt and waiting for the next expression. For example:
? (2+3)*8
40
(5 reductions, 9 cells)
? sum [1..10]
55
(91 reductions, 130 cells)
?
In the first example, the user entered the expression "(2+3)*8", which
was evaluated by Gofer and the result "40" printed on the terminal. At
the end of any calculation, Gofer displays the number of reductions (a
measure of the amount of work) and cells (a measure of the amount of
memory) that were used during the calculation. These figures can be
useful for comparing the performance of different ways of carrying out
the same calculation.
In the second example, the user typed the expression "sum [1..10]".
The notation "[1..10]" represents the list of integers between 1 and 10
inclusive, and "sum" is a standard function which can be used to
determine the sum of a list of integers. Thus the result obtained by
Gofer is:
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 55
We could have typed this sum into Gofer directly:
? 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
55
(10 reductions, 23 cells)
?
and this calculation is certainly more efficient as it uses only 1/9th
of the number of reductions and 1/5th of the number of cells as the
original calculation. On the other hand, the original expression is
much shorter and you are much less likely to make a mistake typing in
the expression "sum [1..200]" than you would be if you tried to enter
the sum of the integers from 1 to 200 directly.
You will learn more about the kind of expressions that can be entered
into Gofer in the rest of this document.
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